南海西沙永乐龙洞沉积物组成、来源及其沉积作用     

范德江  田元  傅亮  罗珂  孙晓霞  毕乃双  姚鹏  刘光兴  陈洪举  杨作升 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1203-1210

南海永乐龙洞发育于永乐珊瑚礁台地,龙洞深度达300m,为世界之最。沉积物堆积在龙洞的洞壁斜坡、龙洞中部的转折平台以及洞底等部位。使用激光粒度仪、X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪等对采自不同深度的沉积物进行了粒级、矿物物相、元素含量的研究。研究结果表明:龙洞沉积物绝大部分为钙质生物碎屑,以砂粒级碎屑为主,含砾石碎屑、粉砂碎屑,分选和磨圆差;沉积物矿物组成以文石、高镁方解石为主,含少量低镁方解石,其平均含量分别为69%、28%、3%;化学组成以Ca、Mg、Sr为主,平均含量分别为35.5%、0.9%、0.5%,含少量Si、Al、Ti、P、S等元素。该区沉积物来源包括礁坪生物碎屑和东亚季风风尘陆源物质两个方面,以礁坪来源的生物碎屑为主;龙洞沉积作用包括机械捕获作用和垂直沉降作用两种方式,而以机械捕获作用为主。  相似文献   

珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积环境演化及其对人类活动的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶翔  李靖  王爱军 《海洋学报》2018,40(7):79-89

滨海湿地作为人类活动和全球变化反应最为敏感的区域，其沉积记录可以反映出周边地区环境变化及人类活动信息。珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地钻孔分析结果表明，在中全新世期间淇澳岛附近海域为河口湾环境，在风化层以上开始出现淤积，但在4 200 a BP前后受极冷气候的影响，沉积物粗化；自2 500 a BP以来，沉积环境相对稳定，在小冰期期间略有变化。沉积速率计算结果显示:淇澳岛附近海域自中全新世高海面以来的平均沉积速率为0.29 cm/a，4 160~2 500 a BP、2 500 a BP-1488年、1488-1893年、1893-1986年、1990-2007年期间的平均沉积速率分别为:0.17 cm/a、0.23 cm/a、0.35 cm/a、1.37 cm/a和5.94 cm/a，沉积速率逐渐增大，反映了珠江三角洲演化过程中沉积相与沉积环境的变化；1986-1990年期间的海堤建造极大地扰动了该钻孔上部的沉积过程，在工程施工期间共沉积了厚度约112 cm的沉积层，而在海堤建成后，沉积速率也显著增大。沉积物总有机碳、总氮和C/N值的垂向分布表明，在4 160~2 500 a BP期间受海洋环境影响较大，沉积物中有机碳以海源为主，2 500 a BP以来沉积物中碳、氮含量明显增大，C/N也相应变大，有机碳主要来源于陆源输入，但在小冰期期间海源有机碳贡献略有所增大；近百年来由于受人类活动影响显著，陆源有机碳的贡献快速增加。  相似文献   

准噶尔西北缘红山嘴地区克上组辫状河三角洲沉积-储层耦合关系与综合定量评价     

高阳  刘文峰  于兴河  杨新涛 《中国地质》2020,47(4):971-984

综合岩心、薄片、分析测试资料厘定辫状河三角洲不同相带储层特征及控制因素,选取孔隙度、含砂率、优势砂厚、优势砂岩分层系数及杂基含量作为评价参数,基于灰色关联法确定权重、拐点法确定分类阈值对储层进行综合定量评价。结果表明辫状河三角洲下平原地区由于储层物性好且优势砂岩(粗砂岩)占比高而Ⅰ类储层发育;三角洲上平原地区砂体发育但以砾岩沉积为主,杂基含量高而储层质量差,多为Ⅱ类储层;三角洲前缘地区正韵律特征显著,中、粗砂岩储层质量要优于细砂岩,但优势砂岩发育规模有限,因此多以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类储层为主。该成果可为复杂砂砾岩储层的定量评价提供借鉴。  相似文献   

跨海大桥建设对胶州湾北部冬季结冰现象的影响     

石晓雨  张日东  张文静  张可玟 《海洋通报》2018,(6):633-642

本文利用台站观测、卫星遥感以及专项调查等多种数据,综合分析了近年来胶州湾典型水文气象要素的变化特征及建桥前后水动力环境等的变化对冬季冰情的影响。结果显示,建桥以来冰情较重的年份冬季气温和年最低气温均处于近30年的低位,重冰期与年最低气温时段相吻合,且以跨海大桥为界,北部海湾结冰现象严重,而南部几乎无结冰。基于区域海洋水动力模型(ECOM)的模拟结果显示,跨海大桥建设可以从几个方面影响胶州湾北部海冰的生消,即大桥建设使胶州湾尤其是大桥北侧的水动力环境弱化,落潮时桥北侧水体堆积,涨潮时桥北侧向陆一侧水位减小;大桥对桥位南北1.5 km周围涨、落潮流场产生影响;流场的变化又使得悬浮物对流扩散和沉积物输运发生改变,大桥北侧局部区域水深变浅。  相似文献   

Sediment routing in the Zagros foreland basin: Drainage reorganization and a shift from axial to transverse sediment dispersal in the Kurdistan region of Iraq     

Renas I. Koshnaw  Brian K. Horton  Daniel F. Stockli  Douglas E. Barber  Mazin Y. Tamar-Agha 《Basin Research》2020,32(4):688-715

In the northwestern sector of the Zagros foreland basin, axial fluvial systems initially delivered fine-grained sediments from northwestern source regions into a contiguous basin, and later transverse fluvial systems delivered coarse-grained sediments from northeastern sources into a structurally partitioned basin by fold-thrust deformation. Here we integrate sedimentologic, stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic and geochronologic data from the northwestern Zagros foreland basin to define the Neogene history of deposition and sediment routing in response to progressive advance of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. This study constrains the depositional environments, timing of deposition and provenance of nonmarine clastic deposits of the Injana (Upper Fars), Mukdadiya (Lower Bakhtiari) and Bai-Hasan (Upper Bakhtiari) Formations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Sediments of the Injana Formation (~12.4–7.75 Ma) were transported axially (orogen-parallel) from northwest to southeast by meandering and low-sinuosity channel belt system. In contrast, during deposition of the Mukdadiya Formation (~7.75–5 Ma), sediments were delivered transversely (orogen-perpendicular) from northeast to southwest by braided and low-sinuosity channel belt system in distributive fluvial megafans. By ~5 Ma, the northwestern Zagros foreland basin became partitioned by growth of the Mountain Front Flexure and considerable gravel was introduced in localized alluvial fans derived from growing topographic highs. Foredeep accumulation rates during deposition of the Injana, Mukdadiya and Bai-Hasan Formations averaged 350, 400 and 600 m/Myr respectively, suggesting accelerated accommodation generation in a rapidly subsiding basin governed by flexural subsidence. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra show that in addition to sources of Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover strata, the Injana Formation was derived chiefly from Palaeozoic-Precambrian (including Carboniferous and latest Neoproterozoic) strata in an axial position to the northwest, likely from the Bitlis-Puturge Massif and broader Eastern Anatolia. In contrast, the Mukdadiya and Bai-Hasan Formations yield distinctive Palaeogene U-Pb age peaks, particularly in the southeastern sector of the study region, consistent with transverse delivery from the arc-related terranes of the Walash and Naopurdan volcano-sedimentary groups (Gaveh-Rud domain?) and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc to the northeast. These temporal and spatial variations in stratigraphic framework, depositional environments, sediment routing and compositional provenance reveal a major drainage reorganization during Neogene shortening in the Zagros fold-thrust belt. Whereas axial fluvial systems initially dominated the foreland basin during early orogenesis in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, transverse fluvial systems were subsequently established and delivered major sediment volumes to the foreland as a consequence of the abrupt deformation advance and associated topographic growth in the Zagros.  相似文献   

Paleogene stratigraphy of Kutch,India: an update about progress in foraminiferal biostratigraphy     

Pratul Kumar Saraswati  Sonal Khanolkar  Santanu Banerjee 《Geodinamica Acta》2018,30(1):100-118

The Paleogene sections of Kutch are the reference for the regional chronostratigraphic units of India. The ages of these dominantly shallow marine carbonates are mainly based on larger benthic foraminifera (LBF). The taxonomic revisions of the LBF and the progressively refined shallow benthic zonations (SBZ) have necessitated the present study on updating the stratigraphy of the area. The sedimentation in Kutch commenced with the deposition of volcaniclastics in terrestrial environments in the Paleocene. The marine transgression in SBZ 5/6 deposited finer clastics and carbonates, designated as Naredi Formation, in early Eocene. There is no evidence of marine Paleocene in Kutch. A major hiatus spanning SBZ 12 to SBZ 16 was followed by the development of a carbonate platform and deposition of Harudi Formation – Fulra Limestone during the Bartonian, SBZ 17. The hiatus corresponds to a widespread stratigraphic break in Pakistan and India to Australia, referred as the ‘Lutetian Gap.’ The Maniyara Fort Formation is assigned to SBZ 22 B and SBZ 23, and its age is revised to Chattian. Climate played a major role in building up of the Paleogene stratigraphic succession of Kutch, the carbonates formed during the warming intervals and the stratigraphic gaps were in the intervening cooling periods.  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphy of the Berriassian-Lower Aptian deposits of West Siberia     

S.V. Ershov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(7):891-904

The geological structure and conditions of formation of a Lower Cretaceous clinoform complex in West Siberia are examined based on sequence stratigraphy. The regional Berriasian-Hauterivian clinoforms are interpreted as third-order sequences, and their formation should be considered in terms of the Depositional Sequence III model. Productive beds of both shallow and deep marine as well as continental genesis formed mostly in a regressive basin and belong to the highstand systems tracts.  相似文献   

基于测井频谱分析的松科二井登娄库组地层沉积速率研究     

张浩东  邹长春  彭诚  杨玉卿 《地球学报》2022,43(5):654-664

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井获取了白垩纪陆相沉积资料, 其中连续、多参数、高分辨率的地球物理测井资料为研究松辽盆地地层的沉积速率变化规律提供了机会。本文利用GR、Th、K、Th/K多种测井数据, 采用天文旋回的方法来计算松科二井登娄库组地层的沉积速率, 并探讨影响地层沉积的主控因素。多种测井数据的频谱分析结果表明了登娄库组地层记录着米兰科维奇旋回信息, 这说明登娄库组沉积过程受天文轨道驱动力影响。Th测井数据对天文旋回信息的敏感性强, 综合考虑多种测井数据的测试结果获得了连续、相对准确的地层沉积速率。登娄库组地层沉积速率从下往上整体呈现为由高到低的趋势。 登二段至登三段时期地层沉积主要受盆地断陷活动控制, 地层整体具有高沉积速率特征, 最高达到 16.2 cm/ka。随后至登四段时期由于断陷活动逐渐减弱, 盆地向区域坳陷的构造格局转化, 登四段整体具有沉积速率较低的特征, 最低为5.9 cm/ka。该研究建立了松科二井登娄库组地层连续的沉积速率剖面, 为揭示松辽盆地由断陷活动过渡到坳陷活动的地质规律提供了测井证据。  相似文献   

On the use of geochronology of detrital grains in determining the time of deposition of clastic sedimentary strata     

Peter Copeland 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1532-1546

Placing geologic events in a temporal framework is essential to telling the story of Earth history. However, clastic sedimentary rocks can be difficult to date in an absolute reference because they are made up of grains that are older than the rock in which they are now found, and some clastic rocks do not contain fossils that allow precise reference to the Geologic Timescale. For such rocks, the isotopic dating of detrital minerals can be used to estimate the time of deposition; the clastic rock must be younger than the youngest grain analysed. However, many researchers eschew this simple and straightforward approach in favour of schemes that estimate the maximum allowable depositional age as the weighted mean of the age of several grains, chosen by a variety of selection criteria. This is a mistake; in the absence of a geochemical resemblance apart from the similarity of their age, detrital grains should not be assumed to have originated in the same system and therefore any averaging or other manipulation of such data is statistically invalid and produces results without geologic significance. In the absence of interbedded volcanic rocks or index fossils, dating of detrital minerals can be an important aid in understanding the time of deposition of clastic rocks, but the best estimate will come from taking note of the youngest single grain and not by inappropriately averaging data.  相似文献   

Basin filling evolution of the central basins of Mallorca since the Pliocene     

Antonio Cap  Celso Garcia 《Basin Research》2019,31(5):948-966

A new compilation of data from 436 drill cores using decompaction and backstripping techniques was used to reconstruct the basin filling history from the Pliocene until the present day in the Palma, Inca and Sa Pobla Basins on the island of Mallorca (Spain). Calcareous rocks dominate the source area and provide a limited amount of clastic input to the basins that has resulted in an average accumulation rate of between 5 and 20 m/Ma during the last 5.3 Ma. Carbonate sediment production dominated the basin filling history during early‐mid Pliocene, but during the Quaternary, the sedimentation processes in the Palma Basin were probably enhanced by an evolution in the drainage network that increased the sediment supply and the accumulated thickness caused by stream capture. However, the maximum sedimentation rate filling the depocentres of the three basins has been decreasing since the Pliocene, showing that not only the catchment transport efficiency but also the relative sea level have been controlling the sediment accumulation in these carbonate basins. The isopach cross‐sections support the idea that a palaeorelief was generated during the Messinian sea level drop and that heterogeneities were filled in from the Pliocene to the Quaternary. We conclude that the central basins of Mallorca were filled heterogeneously due to tectonic and geomorphic processes that controlled sediment transport and production, resulting in different average sedimentation thicknesses that decreased since the Pliocene as the accommodation space became filled and the relative sea level dropped.  相似文献